A Mechanism of Land Degradation in Turf‐Mantled Slopes of the Tibetan Plateau

Okin Gregory S.; DOdorico Paolo; Liu Jianquan

摘要

Abstract > Kobresia pygmaea meadows are typical of Tibetan Plateau landscapes in the 3,000 to 5,500?m elevation range and constitute the most extensive alpine ecosystem in the world. Kobresia pygmaea forms turf mats that stabilize the surface and shelter the underlying soils from water erosion. Large tracts of the Plateau, however, exhibit signs of ongoing degradation of the turf and erosion of the underlying soil. Despite the crucial role played by K. pygmaea turf mats in the stabilization of the headwaters of major Asian rivers, the mechanisms responsible for their degradation remain poorly investigated. Here we develop a process‐based model of land degradation of Tibetan Plateau slopes, which accounts for (i) turf cracking, (ii) water flow concentration in the cracks, (iii) crack widening by scouring, and (iv) sheet‐flow erosion. As expected, soil erosion increases with the slope and drainage area (hence the observation of stronger erosion in relatively steep downhill sites). Model simulations indicate that with a sensible set of parameters representative of soil and hydrologic conditions in the region, Tibetan Plateau landscapes are vulnerable to turf mat degradation and soil erosion. As soon as polygonal cracks develop, water flow widens them until the landscape is completely barren. At this point sheet flow eventually erodes the mineral soil leaving behind a highly degraded landscape. </abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> <div class="translation abstracttxt"> <span class="zhankaihshouqi fivelineshidden" id="abstract"> <span>机译：</span><抽象类型= “主要” 的xml：郎= “EN”> <标题类型= “主”>抽象</ TITLE> <P> <I>嵩草</ i>的草地是典型的高原的景观在3000 5500？米标高范围，构成了世界上最丰富的高山生态系统。 <I>嵩草</ i>的形式的稳定表面和住所从水的侵蚀底层土壤草皮垫。青藏高原的大片，但表现出的草皮和底层土壤的侵蚀不断退化的迹象。尽管<I>ķ发挥的关键作用。矮</ I>在亚洲主要河流的源头的稳定草皮垫，负责其降解机制仍然很差调查。在这里，我们开发土地退化高原斜坡，其占（ⅰ）草皮开裂的裂缝，（ii）水流量浓度的基于过程的模型，（ⅲ）裂纹通过精练加宽，以及（iv）片材流侵蚀。正如预期的那样，随着坡度和流域面积（因此更强的侵蚀的相对陡峭的下坡位观察）水土流失增加。模型模拟表明，有一个合理的参数集代表该地区的土壤和水文条件，青藏高原景观易受草垫退化和水土流失。只要多边形裂缝发展，水流扩大，直到景观是完全荒芜。此时片流最终侵蚀矿质土壤留下了高度退化的风景线。 </ p> </ abstract> </span> <span class="z_kbtn z_kbtnclass hoverxs" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> <div class="record"> <h2 class="all_title" id="enpatent33" >著录项</h2> <ul> <li> <span class="lefttit">来源</span> <div style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"> <a href='/journal-foreign-23539/'>《Geophysical Research Letters》</a> <b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>2018年第9期</span><b style="margin: 0 2px;">|</b><span>共8页</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="author"> <span class="lefttit">作者</span> <p id="fAuthorthree" class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi"> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Okin Gregory S.&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Okin Gregory S.;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=DOdorico Paolo&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">DOdorico Paolo;</a> <a href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Liu Jianquan&option=202" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Liu Jianquan;</a> </p> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zkzz" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </li> <li> <div style="display: flex;"> <span class="lefttit">作者单位</span> <div style="position: relative;margin-left: 3px;max-width: 639px;"> <div class="threelineshidden zhankaihshouqi" id="fOrgthree"> <p>Department of GeographyUniversity of CaliforniaLos Angeles CA USA;</p> <p>Department of Environmental Science Policy and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeley CA USA;</p> <p>State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro‐Ecosystem School of Life ScienceLanzhou UniversityLanzhou China;</p> </div> <span class="z_kbtnclass z_kbtnclassall hoverxs" id="zhdw" style="display: none;">展开▼</span> </div> </div> </li> <li > <span class="lefttit">收录信息</span> <span style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;display: inline-block;"></span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">原文格式</span> <span>PDF</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">正文语种</span> <span>eng</span> </li> <li> <span class="lefttit">中图分类</span> <span><a href="https://www.zhangqiaokeyan.com/clc/163.html" title="地球物理学">地球物理学;</a></span> </li> <li class="antistop"> <span class="lefttit">关键词</span> <p style="width: 86%;vertical-align: text-top;"> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Kobresia&option=203" rel="nofollow">Kobresia;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=turf&option=203" rel="nofollow">turf;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=Tibet&option=203" rel="nofollow">Tibet;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=erosion&option=203" rel="nofollow">erosion;</a> <a style="color: #3E7FEB;" href="/search.html?doctypes=4_5_6_1-0_4-0_1_2_3_7_9&sertext=hillslope&option=203" rel="nofollow">hillslope;</a> </p> <div class="translation"> 机译：Kobresia;草皮;西藏;侵蚀;山坡; </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon" id="literaturereference" style="display:none"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent111">引文网络</h3> <div class="referencetab clearfix"> <ul id="referencedaohang"> <li dataid="referenceul">参考文献</li> <li dataid="citationul">引证文献</li> <li dataid="commonreferenceul">共引文献</li> <li dataid="commoncitationul">同被引文献</li> <li dataid="tworeferenceul">二级参考文献</li> <li dataid="twocitationul">二级引证文献</li> </ul> </div> <div class="reference_details" id="referenceList"> <ul id="referenceul"></ul> <ul id="citationul"></ul> <ul id="commonreferenceul"></ul> <ul id="commoncitationul"></ul> <ul id="tworeferenceul"></ul> <ul id="twocitationul"></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="literature cardcommon"> <div class="similarity "> <h3 class="all_title" id="enpatent66">相似文献</h3> <div class="similaritytab clearfix"> <ul> <li class="active" >外文文献</li> <li >中文文献</li> <li >专利</li> </ul> </div> <div class="similarity_details"> <ul > <li> <div> <b>1. </b><a class="enjiyixqcontent" href="/journal-foreign-detail/0704019851464.html">A Mechanism of Land Degradation in Turf‐Mantled Slopes of the Tibetan Plateau</a> <b>[J]</b> . <span> <a 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