Pre-deformation accelerates precipitation at twin boundaries. The pre-deformation introduces dislocations on annealing twin boundary planes, which seems to increase twin boundary energy and potency as nucleation sites. But the pre-deformation deviates twin boundary from the exact SIGMA 3, which leads precipitates to be related to one of adjacent matrix grains. This probably results in increase of interphase boundary energy of precipitates formed at deformed twin boundaries.
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