Surface Characterization and Osteoconductivity Evaluation of Micro/Nano Surface Formed on Titanium Using Anodic Oxidation Combined with H2O2 Etching and Hydrothermal Treatment

摘要

In this study, surface characteristics and osteoconductivity were investigated for the microanostructured oxide layers fabricated on titanium using anodic oxidation (ANO), chemical etching (Et), and hydrothermal treatment (HT). Commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) disks were anodic-oxidized using DC-type power supply in 1 M phosphoric acid electrolyte (P-ANO group). These specimens were further chemically etched using 30% H2O2 solution at 60 degrees C for 10 min (P-ANO-Et group). The P-ANO-Et-HT group was fabricated by hydrothermally treating the P-ANO-Et specimens in phosphorus-containing alkaline solution at 190 degrees C for 8 hrs. The P-ANO group showed a porous surface that was evenly covered with micro- and sub-micro pores. The size of these pores was decreased in the P-ANO-Et group. The P-ANO-Et-HT group showed a porous surface that was covered with nano-sized crystallites. Anatase TiO2 structure was observed in P-ANO-Et-HT group. The results of XPS demonstrated that the P-ANO-Et-HT group had a well-crystallized TiO2 structure, while the P-ANO and P-ANO-Et groups had an amorphous and phosphate-containing structure. Hydrophilicity of the P-ANO-Et-HT group was the highest. After MG63 osteoblast-like cells were cultured on the specimens for 3 hrs, SEM images of the cells cultured on P-ANO-Et-HT group specimens showed low initial adhesion. However, the osteoconductivity of these specimens increased more rapidly compared to that of the micro-structured surfaces. These results could be applied to fabricate titanium implants with an optimum microano-surface for enhancing their osteoconductivity.