Cholera is an acute, severe diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae that affects millions of people each year. Without prompt rehydration, death can occur within hours of the onset of symptoms. In October 2010, cholera emerged in Haiti, and the resulting large epidemic continues today. As of August 29, 2011, more than 439,000 cases have been reported in Haiti, with over 6,200 deaths. This review covers important features of epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of cholera, with a focus on the ongoing epidemic in Haiti.
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