Thermal conductivity is an important parameter for characterization of thermal properties of materials. Various complicated factors affect the thermal conductivity of inorganic particulate-filled polymer composites. The heat transfer process and mechanisms in an inorganic particulate-filled polymer composite were analyzed in this article. A new theoretical model of heat transfer in these composites was established based on the law of minimal thermal resistance and the equal law of the specific equivalent thermal conductivity, and an relevant equation of effective thermal conductivity (K (eff)) for describing a relationship between K (eff) and filler volume fraction as well as other thermal parameters were derived based on this model. The values of K (eff) of aluminum powder-filled phenol-aldehyde composites and graphite powder-filled phenol-aldehyde composites were estimated by using this equation, and the calculations were compared with the experimental measured data from these composites with filler volume fraction from 0 to 50% in temperature range of 50-60 A degrees C and the predictions by Maxwell-Eucken equation and Russell equation. The results showed that the predictions of the K (eff) by this equation were closer to the measured data of these composites than the other equations proposed in literature.
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