Preparation and properties of poly(urethane acrylate) films for ultraviolet-curable coatings

摘要

Four different UV-curable poly(urethane acrylate)s were prepared through the reaction of two diisocyanates [i.e., toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI)] and two polyols [i.e., polycaprolactone triol (PCLT) and polycaprolactone diol (PCLD)], and they were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The mechanical properties, thermal properties, and water sorption of the cured poly (urethane acrylate)s were also investigated with respect to the chemical structures of the polyols and diisocyanates. In comparison with linear PCLD-TDI and PCLD-IPDI, crosslinked PCLT-TDI and PCLT-IPDI with trifunctional PCLT showed relatively high thermal decomposition temperatures. The hardness and modulus of the UV-cured poly(urethane acrylate) films, which were measured by a nanoindentation technique, were in the following increasing order: PCLD-IPDI ～ PCLD-TDI < PCLT-IPDI ～ PCLT-TDI. The pencil hardness was 3H for PCLT-IPDI and PCLT-TDI and HB for PCLD-IPDI and PCLD-TDI. Two urethane acrylates prepared from the trifunctional polyol showed better acid and alkali resistances than those made from the bifunctional polyol. These mechanical properties and chemical resistances may have been strongly dependent on the chain flexibility of the molecules and crosslinking density. Regardless of the functionality in the polyol, the change in the yellowness index showed a lower value in the poly(urethane acrylate) coating containing the aliphatic diisocyanate IPDI in comparison with the corresponding poly(urethane acrylate) with the aromatic diisocyanate TDI.