Studies on perceptual learning are motivated by phonetic variation that listeners encounter across speakers, items, and context. In this study, the authors investigate what control the listener has over the perceptual learning of ambiguous /s/ pronunciations through inducing changes in their attentional set. Listeners' attention is manipulated during a lexical decision exposure task such that their attention is directed at the word-level for comprehension-oriented listening or toward the signal for perception-oriented listening. In a categorization task with novel words, listeners in the condition that maximally biased listeners toward comprehension-oriented attentional sets showed the most perceptual learning. Focus on higher levels of linguistic meaning facilitated generalization to new words. These results suggest that the way in which listeners attend to the speech stream affects how linguistic categories are updated, providing insight into the qualitative differences in perceptual learning between the psychophysics and language-focused literatures. (C) 2016 Acoustical Society of America.
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机译：感知学习的研究是由听众在说话者，项目和环境中遇到的语音变化所激发的。在这项研究中，作者研究了通过引起听众注意力集中变化的方法，使听者在控制歧义/ s /发音的知觉学习上具有什么控制权。在词汇决策暴露任务中操纵听众的注意力，以使他们的注意力针对单词级别以进行理解性聆听，或针对信号发出以感知性聆听。在用新词进行分类的任务中，在最大程度地使听众偏向于以理解为导向的注意力集中的条件下，听众表现出最多的知觉学习。专注于更高层次的语言含义有助于将新词泛化。这些结果表明，听众参与语音流的方式会影响语言类别的更新方式，从而洞悉心理物理学与以语言为重点的文学之间在感知学习上的质性差异。 （C）2016年美国声学学会。
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