Current-voltage characteristics of semiconductor-coupled superconducting weak links with large electrode separations

摘要

We have studied the current-voltage characteristics of superconducting weak links in which the coupling medium is the two-dimensional electron gas in InAs-based semiconductor quantum wells, with relatively large (typically 0.5 mu m) separations between niobium electrodes. The devices exhibit Josephson-like current-voltage characteristics; however, the falloff of the differential resistance with decreasing temperature is thermally activated, and is orders of magnitude slower than for more conventional weak links. Most unexpectedly, the thermal activation energies are found to be proportional to the width of the device, taken perpendicular to the current flow. This behavior falls outside the range of established theories; we propose that it is a fluctuation effect caused by giant shot noise associated with multiple Andreev reflections. The possibility of nonequilibrium effects is discussed. [S0163-1829(98)05941-4]. [References: 44]