On the Thermodynamic Theory of the Strength of Solids: 5. Energetic Characteristics of a Crack with a Meniscus and Ultimate Solid Strength

摘要

The thermodynamic relations describing the formation work of a crack with a meniscus inside it have been analyzed for capillary condensation and evaporation processes. The conformal and depth mechanisms of crack growth have been discussed. It has been shown that the capillary forces alone cannot cause the fracture of a solid upon the formation of a meniscus in a crack. Criteria have been established for the strength upon the brittle fracture, and corrections related to the presence of a meniscus in a crack have been calculated. As a rule, the formation of a meniscus reduces the ultimate strength.