Fine-tuning metabolism-how products of contraction regulate skeletal muscle adaptation

摘要

by definition, metabolism describes the sum of all reactions within the body that release chemical energy from substrate stores to power cellular activity (3). The most prevalent of these reactions in skeletal muscle is the catabolism of dietary lipid, carbohydrate, or protein stores to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to support organ and musculoskeletal function. Following the pioneering research by a collection of preeminent physiologists during the earry/mid-20th century, we have a detailed understanding of the enzymes and chemical reactions that facilitate the breakdown and utilization of substrate stores (6-9, 11). As appropriate for such an integrated system, cellular metabolism is tightly regulated, with a number of posttranslational modifications providing feedback and feedforward mechanisms, allowing switching from lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid stores depending on the level of cellular demand.