The influence of steppe pasture digression and demutation on mammals of the Russian Plain is considered. Special attention is given to the Holocene history of the steppe. In the early and middle Holocene, mesophytization determined the development of the biogeocenotic cover of the steppe. The autogenous development of ecosystems doomed a number of species from the steppe faunistic group to extinction following other representatives of "Mammoth" fauna. Only the development of cattle breeding between the mid- and late Holocene checked this process and ensured the survival of mammals.
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