Phylogenetic relationship in the genus Rosa based on the restrictionenzyme analysis of the chloroplast DNA

摘要

To plot the phylogenetic relationship within the genus Rosa, we compared the restriction sites of chloroplast DNAs among 32 species. With the use of 14 restriction endonucleases, restriction fragment patterns of cpDNAs were obtained from 32 lines of Rosa species and compared with each other. Three hundred thirty-five restriction sites were surveyed. Thirty-three sites were phylogenetically informative. Among the chloroplast genome types, 18 primary groups are formed. The majority rule consensus tree established by the Wagner parsimony method indicated that the species in sections Synstylase and Indica, and sections Carolinae and Cinnamomeae belong to a monophyletic clade, which agrees with the morphological classification, Sections Carolinae, Cinnamomeae, and Pimpinelifoliae lie distantly from the other sections, suggesting that these sections may have differentiated in an early stage of evolution followed by the appearance of other sections. A comparison of the previous classification of Rosa species with that in this study, revealed several discrepancies. R. gigantea, R. moschata, and R. damascena, which appear to be monophyletic, were grouped into one cluster apart from section Gallicanae, to which R, damascena was formerly classified. The present molecular data indicate that the maternal ancestor of R. centifolia 'Japonica' may be R, canina. It is proposed that R. roxburghiin and R. roxburghiin hirtula are separated, based on their differences in cpDNA. Interspecific cpDNA variation is common, a great deal of variability was detected in Rosa. Excessive dependence on one particular cytoplasm may be undesirable, we suggest that the methods described in this paper be used to survey the cytoplasmic base of modern rose cultivars.