DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGAL GROWTH OF ASPERGILLUS NIGER, ASPERGILLUS FLA VUS AND PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM ON PENOXSULAM AND PYRAZOSULFURON-ETHYL HERBICIDES IN AGRICULTURAL SOIL

摘要

The present study provides information regarding the effect of herbicides (penoxsulam, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl) on soil microbes and higher persistence in soil. The present investigation was proposed to isolate and identify fungi from agricultural soil containing penoxsulam (3-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-N-(5,8-dimethoxy[l,2,4]triazolo[l,5-c]pyrimidin-2-yl)-a,a,a-trifluorotoluene-2-sulfonamide) and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl [ethyl-5-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl]-l-methylpyrazole-4-carboxylate)]herbicides. Several filamentous fungi were found able to grow with herbicide as solitary source^ of carbon and energy but only Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger strains were able to complete their life cycle in medium containing penoxsulam and P.chrysogenum and A. niger strains were found in pyrazosulfuron. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and P. chrysogenum were isolated from contaminated soil through the enrichment incubation method and identified based on morphology, colony and culturalproperties. Fungal diversity has been determined through high CFU counts in soil ofpaddy field. However, Aspergillus flavus showed the best capacity to grow using penoxsulam and P. chrysogenum showed the capacity to grow using pyrazosulfuron-ethyl herbicide. This showed important route of degradation ofpenoxsulam and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl by soil fungi.