Extractable and non-extractable polyphenols from blueberries modulate LPS-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 in RAW264.7 macrophages via the NF-kappa B signalling pathway

摘要

BACKGROUND: Plant polyphenols are rich in blueberries that have a wide range of properties beneficial to human health. There are two types, according to the solubility of polyphenols, which were defined as extractable polyphenols (EPP) and non-extractable polyphenols (NEPP), respectively. At present, inmost of reports, 'total polyphenol' refers only to EPP excluding NEPP. In this paper, the effects of EPP and NEPP on lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and gene expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in RAW264.7 cells via nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) signalling pathway were compared.