This research speaks to one of the major concerns facing the modern Royal Navy (RN), especially given the current economic and political climate - that is how to achieve and maintain the correct level of manpower to meet functional and operational requirements. The rate of Voluntary Outflow (VO: previously referred to as Premature Voluntary Release) has remained above the stable long-term level (calculated from historic trends) for years. For RN officers the stable VO rate is 2%, for other ranks it is 5%. In 2009, the VO rate for RN officers increased to 4% and for other ranks to 6% (1).
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