Winter culture of yellowleg shrimp Penaeus californiensis in aerated ponds with low water exchange.

摘要

A 23-week study (November to April) was conducted in the semiarid region of Bahia Kino, Sonora, Northwestern Mexico, to determine the feasibility of farming yellowleg shrimp, P. californiensis, during the winter season in ponds with less than 5% daily water exchange and aeration. Experimental units consisted of 12 earthen ponds with 200 m2 of water surface; 4 aeration rates (0, 6, 12 and 24 h daily) were used. Ponds were fertilized 10 days before the beginning of the experiment with cattle manure at 1000 kg/ha and during the trial with urea 50 kg/ha and superphosphate 25 kg/ha whenever the Secchi disc transparency exceeded 45 cm. Each pond was stocked with 4000 postlarval yellowleg shrimp at 20/m2. Shrimp were fed on a commercial feed. Mean weeklygrowth rates ranged from 0.41 to 0.53 g with the highest growth rate in ponds with 12 h of aeration (P<=0.05). Survival ranged from 50 to 52% and did not differ among treatments. Shrimp yield ranged from 1012 to 1208 kg/ha, with the highest yields from ponds with 6 and 12 h of aeration (P<=0.05). Feed conversion ratios ranged from 2.3 to 2.8, with lower values in ponds with 12 and 6 h of aeration (P<=0.05). The results suggest that winter culture of yellowleg shrimp is possible and that 6 h of aeration issufficient to maintain good water quality conditions.