One of the poorly studied Iranian languages is Gurgan, the extinct language of Gurgan, thePersian province at the southeastern corner of the Caspian Sea. Gurgan is situated north ofthe Alburz watershed and consists of the broad plains and valleys watered by the riversGurgan and Atrak. Throughout history, the provincial capital of Gurgan was the city ofGurgan; under the Safavids, however, the southwestern town of Astarabad gained promi-nence, and the province itself was constituted as that of Astarabad. The town of Astarabalwas renamed Gurgan under Reza Shah Pahlavi, while the old town of Gurgan correspondsto the site of the present Gunbad-i gabds. Daft-i Gurgan is now designated as "TurkmenSahara" on the map, and, just to add to the confusion, the province itself has recently beenrenamed Gulistan "rose garden," apparently after the trend in the Islamic Republic to replacetoponyms that sound pagan, in this case gurgan "wolves."
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机译：缺乏学习的伊朗语言之一是古尔干（Gurgan），这是古里根（Gurgan）的绝种语言，古尔根是里海东南角的波斯省。古尔干（Gurgan）位于阿尔伯兹（Alburz）分水岭的北部，由宽阔的平原和由古尔干（Gurgan）和阿特拉克（Atrak）河流灌溉的山谷组成。纵观历史，古尔甘省的首府是古尔甘市。然而，在萨法维德家族的统治下，西南部城市阿斯塔拉巴德（Astarabad）获得了声望，该省本身也由阿斯塔拉巴德（Astarabad）组成。阿斯塔拉巴拉瓦镇在雷扎·沙·帕拉维（Reza Shah Pahlavi）的领导下更名为古尔根（Gurgan），而古尔根（Gurgan）的旧城区则对应于现今的冈巴德（Gundad-i）gabds遗址。现在，Daft-i Gurgan在地图上被指定为“土库曼撒哈拉”，这只是增加了混乱，该省本身最近更名为Gulistan“玫瑰园”，这显然是在伊斯兰共和国趋向于取代听起来异教徒的地名，在这种情况下，古尔甘“狼”。
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