Indian Disciplinary Rules and Their Early Chinese Adepts:A Buddhist Reality

摘要

This study focuses on the various attitudes of Chinese Buddhist masters toward the intro-duction of Indian disciplinary rules in a Chinese reality, more particularly in the Chinesesociety of the fifth to the eighth centuries, a period that saw the full development of Chinesemonastic discipline (vinaya) and that continues till today to be the basic reference point forthis subject. Many influential vinaya masters date from this period, but two stand out prom-inently. The first is Daoxuan (596-667), founder of what came to be called the Nanshanliizong Mt* or "vinaya school of Nanshan." This school promoted the vinaya rules,and in particular the Dharmaguptakavinaya, seen as the tradition on which the first Chinese ordinations were based. As abbot of the Ximing monastery near the capital Chang' an,Daoxuan wrote several influential vinaya commentaries, and actively promoted Buddhismat the imperial court. I The second notable vinaya master in this period is Yijing 4V{-41 (635-713), who apart from the many other works he produced, is known as the translator of theMulasarvastivadavinaya, and as the author of a detailed report on Indian monasteries, theNanhai jigui neifa zhuan MitEWNNiAN, or "Account of Buddhism Sent from the SouthSeas," T.2125.2