Genomics on the half-shell

摘要

Sequencing of the human genome unveiled Life's working definition of Homo sapiens, making it tangible and discrete. Genomic tools and sequencing similarly transformed research in the models systems of development, medicine, and disease and in the process ignited the field of comparative genomics, a self-declared revolution that is now roiling its way across the Tree of Life. In the current third wave of genomics, the focus has been brought to bear on species that are of either phylogenetic or commercial and industrial importance, including model species in alternative energy, agriculture, and aquaculture. Though the revolution might not be televised, aquaculture genomics in bivalves will transform aqua-culture and our understanding of its commercially important species, including the oyster Crassostrea gigas. As molluscs, bivalves are protostome lophotrochozoans and no fewer then six lophotrochozoan genomes are currently being sequenced. Our own favorite is the gastropod limpet Lottia gigantea. Numerous lophotrochozoan and molluscan genomic projects, including ESTs in C. gigas, have also been initiated, opening the door to their future genomic sequencing. Here, we review potential application of genomics to the field of aquaculture and how current cellular, biochemical, and ecological techniques can be expanded and integrated with genome-empowered approaches. We then focus on our current research in comparative genomics, looking at developmental patterning of the body plan, shell biomineralization, and metamorphosis in L. gigantea and C. gigas. Finally, we consider the environmental, economic, and cultural benefits and dangers of genetically modified organisms in aquaculture, a contentious issue that will inevitable be a focus in genomic aquaculture.