Historically, the treatment of produced water (PW) has been limited to free-oil and suspended-solids removal, using physical separation technologies and injection in disposal wells. However, because of new regulations, combined with geological restrictions and local water scarcity, the drive to have a greater fraction of the PW treated more extensively and ultimately to be reused is increasing. This paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation in which treatment processes were evaluated as treatment methods for PW from different oil and gas fields.
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