Tissue-Engineered Bone With 3-Dimensionally Printed beta-Tricalcium Phosphate and Polycaprolactone Scaffolds and Early Implantation: An In Vivo Pilot Study in a Porcine Mandible Model

摘要

Purpose: Deep bone penetration into implanted scaffolds remains a challenge in tissue engineering. The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone penetration depth within 3-dimensionally (3D) printed beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds, seeded with porcine bone marrow progenitor cells (pBMPCs), and implanted early in vivo.