Disulfide cyclized tripeptide analogues of angiotensin IV as potent and selective inhibitors of insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP)

摘要

The insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) localized in areas of the brain associated with memory and learning is emerging as a new promising therapeutic target for the treatment of memory dysfunctions. The angiotensin II metabolite angiotensin IV (Ang IV, Val~1-Tyr~2-Ile~3-His ~4-Pro~5-Phe~6) binds with high affinity to IRAP and inhibits this aminopeptidase (K_i = 62.4 nM). Furthermore, Ang IV has been demonstrated to enhance cognition in animal models and is believed to play an important role in cognitive processes. It is herein reported that displacement of the C-terminal tripeptide His~4-Pro ~5-Phe~6 with a phenylacetic acid functionality combined with a constrained macrocyclic system in the N-terminal affords potent IRAP inhibitors that are less peptidic in character than the hexapeptide Ang IV. Configurational analysis of three pairs of diastereomeric Ang IV analogues was performed using a combination of solution NMR spectroscopic methods, Monte Carlo conformational searches, and NAMFIS calculations. The compounds encompassing l-amino acids only (4, 8, and 12) showed significantly higher bioactivity compared to their lld-epimers (5, 9, and 13). The best inhibitors in the series, compounds 8 and 12, incorporating a 13- and 14-membered disulfide ring system, respectively, and both with a β~3-homotyrosine residue (β~3hTyr) replacing Tyr~2, exhibit K_i values of 3.3 and 5.2 nM, respectively.