Antiviral Potential and Molecular Insight into Neuraminidase Inhibiting Diarylheptanoids from Alpinia katsumadai

摘要

At present, neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors are the mainstay of pharmacological strategies to fight against global pandemic influenza. In the search for new antiviral drug leads from nature, the seed extract of Alpinia katsumadai has been phytochemically investigated. Among the six isolated constituents,four diarylheptanoids showed in vitro NA inhibitory activities in low micromolar ranges against human influenza virus A/PR/8/34 of subtype H1N1. The most promising constituent, katsumadain A (4; IC50=1.05(0.42 μM), also inhibited theNAof fourH1N1 swine influenza viruses, with IC50 values between 0.9 and 1.64 μM, and showed antiviral effects in plaque reduction assays. Considering the flexible loop regions of NA, extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to study the putative binding mechanism of the T-shaped diarylheptanoid 4. Docking results showed wellestablished interactions between the protein and the core of this novel NA-inhibiting natural scaffold, excellent surface complementarity to the simulated binding pocket, and concordance with experimentally derived SAR data.