The Control of Technology by Nation State: Past, Present, and Future - The Case of Cryptology and Information Security

摘要

Since the fifties, strong controls have been enforced to prevent the spread of military-grade technology or dual use technologies and, later, especially of Information Security science. These controls originally focus on homeland and international security purposes. But the fall of the Soviet bloc has changed the situation. The enforced controls now aim at organizing an economic dominance of a very few Nation States whose real intent is to organize the strategic dominance over the rest of the world. This paper explains how controls have been organized by the four major actors: Nation State, Industry, Academics, and Hackers.