Finite element modelling of the evolution of surface pits in metal forming processes

摘要

The evolution of surface pits during forming of stainless steel has been investigated using the commercial ABAQUS finite element software. Both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) models are presented and compared. No entrapment of lubricant has been considered in these current FEM simulations. The effect of surface hardening, friction and pit slope on the asperity flattening process is studied using the 2D model. The results show that surface hardening and friction have no significant effect on the flattening rate of the pit, while pits with smaller slope are eliminated more easily than steeper pits. It is also found that the contact area ratio predicted from the 3D model is much smaller than from the 2D model. Both 2D and 3D models predict that pit slope decreases with bulk deformation.