The content and correlation of copper, iron and zinc in the surface layer of the Croatian vineyard soils.

摘要

The long-term use of copper fungicides in viticulture results in increased accumulation of total copper in the surface layer of vineyard soils. Many scientists have researched anthropogenic copper deposits in vineyard soils that may pose a threat to the environment. However, copper is not the only relevant ingredient in the feeding process of plants through their roots, as it is competing with iron and zinc as well. Therefore, the scientists have concentrated their research on the balance between the three elements that are crucial for a good crop yield. Their scope was to establish the total copper, iron and zinc concentration in the surface layer of Croatian coastal vineyard soils and their possible mutual influences. Soil sampling was carried out on four different locations with four types of soil, colluvial, flysch, terra rossa and terrace soils on cretaceous limestone. The vineyard soils under research have approximately Cu 156.54, Zn 90.54 and Fe 19.08 g kg-1. The results (LSDexp=2.687* > LSDtab 0.05=2.120) indicate that there is a significant difference between the concentration of total iron in colluvial and terra rossa anthropogenic soils. The concentration of iron is significantly higher in terra rossa vineyard soils. The outcome (LSDexp=3.736** > LSD tab 0.05=2.120; LSD tab 0.01+2.921) also indicates (with 99% certainty) that there is a big difference in concentration of this metal in terra rossa anthropogenic soils and anthropogenic terrace soils on cretaceous limestone. The research shows the existence of strong correlation between copper and iron. Expressed in percentages, 26% of total copper variation was a result of alteration of total iron in soil, while 74% of the variation was influenced by other factors. The outcome of this research also reveals the strong mutual influence between copper and zinc. Expressed in percentages, 26% of total copper variation was a result of alteration of total zinc in given soil, while 74% of the variation was influenced by other factors. The outcome of this research contributes to the accumulation of heavy metals in the vineyard soils of the North and Central Dalmatia along the Adriatic Coast, Europe.