Study of the comparative physicochemical analysis of potable and polluted Ganga river water at Kanpur in reference to the tannery effluents discharged in the river.

摘要

In Kanpur, river Ganga takes entry at Bithoor and passing along several ghats and lakes it exist at Jajmau covering a distance about 22 Km. The fish fauna in different region of river Ganga at Kanpur is of different categories according to a degree of pollution at various ghats. Therefore, for a study purpose a stretch of about 24 Km. of river Ganga is selected for the upper stream near Bithoor, middle stream to the Permat region and to the down stream at Kanpur near Jajmau up to new Jajmau bridge. The physico-chemical analysis of the water samples collected from upper, middle, and down streams of river Ganga from tannery area to Jajmau automobile transport bridge revealed that almost all the major characteristics were little beyond permissible limits. The water as such could not be used both for drinking and bathing purposes. It could only be used for irrigation in fields but after treatment. The low values of dissolved oxygen (8.993+or-8.50, 6.2+or-2.0 and 3.40+or-0.360) affected potability of water and caused mortality of fish and other aquatic animals in Bithoor, Permat and Jajmau, respectively. The magnesium toxicity (19.760+or-0.055, 32.150+or-0.046 and 68.30+or-0.30) caused nausea, muscular weakness or even paralysis to the villagers, residing near by areas. The high percentage of cadmium (1.660+or-0.55, 1.850+or-0.045 and 3.20+or-0.30) caused vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, giddiness, bone deformation, hypertension, choking, coughing and bronchitis to resident of the people residing in that areas particularly in Jajmau. The high percentage of chromium (2.830+or-0.026, 4.90+or-0.854 and 11.20+or-1.0) also caused mortality and low longevity of the aquatic organisms particularly fishes. The high MPN values (42.0+or-2.0, 91.0+or-6.0 and 112.0+or-2.0) and BOD values (11.70+or-1.30, 23.50+or-3.0 and 30.0+or-5.0) also indicated the organic pollution in the Bithoor, Permat and Jajmau region. The result of turbidity (4.0+or-0.10, 7.20+or-0.20 and 9.80+or-0.40) showed that water was very dirty near Jajmau region because it is the entry point of the tannery effluents discharged in the river Ganga while the water of Permat and Bithoor zone is not so dirty because it is diluting during the course of its movement, but it could not be recommended for animals and human beings before treatment. The water in the Bithoor region could be used for bathing and agriculture as such but could also be used for drinking purpose after treatment.