The residual toxic assessment of three selected vegetable pesticides (malathion, chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin) on the body, liver and kidney weight and histopathology of liver and kidney in albino rat.

摘要

The aim of the study is to investigate effects(s) of three selected vegetable pesticides viz., malathion (OP), chlorpyrifos (OP) and cypermethrin (Synthetic pyrethroid) on body, liver and kidney weight and on histo-architecture of liver and kidney of albino rat (Rattus norvegicus, Berkencout.) with oral sub-lethal dose (1/5 LD_S0, 216 mg/kg body weight) administration of each pesticide. The dose determination was considered using modified Lorke's (1983) method of LD₅₀. Forty healthy male albino rats weighing between 150-180 gm were obtained as experimental animal. The animals after one week when they were fully acclimatized to the laboratory environment randomly divided in to four groups each comprising often animals as follows, Group I treated as control, Group II treated with malathion, Group III treated with chlorpyrifos and Group IV treated with cypermethrin. After 42 day treatment two rat from each group were sacrificed and the complete liver and kidney were removed and weighed separately in three replicate. The body, liver and kidney weight showed decrease in vegetable pesticides treated groups as compared to control and statistically significant changes in weight were observed. The slides of the liver and kidney were prepared through a modified process as compared to routine one and stained with hematozyline and eosine (H & E). Microscopically effects on liver and kidney were significant degenerative changes at the applied dose level. The instantaneous photomicrographs were obtained under the light microscope with magnification of 10X. The histological sections of Group I (Control) revealed that liver and kidney sections did not show any architectural variations as described in standard., while liver and kidney sections of treated groups after cessation of treatment showed degeneration and distorted histoarchitecture. In general in the tissues of pesticides treated animals the residual toxicant caused swelling of hepatocytes in liver, dilation and congestion of sinusoids, coagulation of blood in sinusoids, cytoplasmic degeneration and nuclear disarray, extrusion of nuclei from hepatocytes and clotting of blood sinuses. The kidney of treated animals under toxic stress exhibit vacuolization, tubulointerstitial nephritis and necrosis of epithelial cells lining the renal tubules. Dilation of glomerular capillaries, empty sinusoids with internal hemorrhage, degeneration in kidney tubules and swellen glomeruli.