Steady Mixed Convection Flow in a Square Lid-Driven Cavity with Sinusoidal Wavy Bottom Surface using Nanofluid

摘要

The laminar mixed convection flow of a copper-water nanofluid in a square lid-driven cavity with a sinusoidal wavy bottom surface has been studied. The vertical surfaces are insulated and the wavy bottom surface is maintained at a uniform temperature higher than the top moving surface. The transport equations have been solved numerically based on the finite volume method. The validity of the numerical code used is checked by comparing the results with previously published results. The effects of solid volume fraction of nanofluids, Richardson number, Reynolds number, number of wavy surface undulation and amplitude of the wavy surface on the heat transfer characteristics have been investigated. It is found that the average Nusselt number increases with the solid volume fraction of the nanofluid, Reynolds number, Richardson number, and the amplitude and the number of undulations of the wavy surface. For small Richardson number, large localized heat transfer rate occurs at the sinusoidal bottom surface which can be reduced by increasing the Richardson number (i.e., by increasing the velocity of the top surface). The local heat transfer rate on the cold top surface reduces in the direction of the motion of the top surface.