A review of developments in the dielectrophoretic manipulation of sub-micron sized biological particles and advances made in laboratory-on-a-chip technology. Utilising the phenomena of dielectrophoresis, travelling wave dielectrophoresis, electrorotation, optical and electrorotational light scattering, as well as novel techniques such as impedance measuring it is possible to manipulate and characterise sub-micron biological particles. Integration of these varieties of techniques onto a laboratory-on-a-chip device, capable of handling deoxyribonucleic acid and virus sized particles leads to the development of low cost, powerful clinical diagnostic "chip" devices. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 17]
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