Softening of hard water and complexometric titrations: An undergraduate experiment

摘要

Water softening may be achieved by various techniques, one of which is the use of ion exchange, which is the reversible transfer of ions between an aqueous solution and a solid material capable of binding ions. In these regard, complexometric water hardness, special resin ion exchanger characteristics, and the uses of ion exchanger for water softening are studied in an undergraduate laboratory experiment. The experiment gives the student hands-on experience in complexometric and acid-base titrations and in the use, reuse, and regeneration of ion-exchange resins.