Export regulations from disparate government jurisdictions make exporting aerospace technology more difficult. The aerospace industry is competitive, complex, and - in particular sectors - highly saturated. The U.S. is one of the top exporters of satellite and space launch vehicles, investing about ten times as much as its nearest competitors. All space operations, regardless of sector, operate through a value chain based on applications such as telecommunications, remote sensing, and navigation/timing. The applications then establish a demand for satellite manufacture and for launch. The entire value chain is fueled by various financial resources - government funding for the government sectors and by a combination of corporate funding and venture capital for commercial services. Consequently, investments in money and expertise build high barriers to the world of space, confining the industry to few major participants and buyers.
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