Structural features of [NiFeSe] and [NiFe] hydrogenases determining their different properties: A computational approach

摘要

Hydrogenases are metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible reaction H22H+ + 2e, being potentially useful in H2 production or oxidation. [NiFeSe] hydrogenases are a particularly interesting subgroup of the [NiFe] class that exhibit tolerance to O2 inhibition and produce more H2 than standard [NiFe] hydrogenases. However, the molecular determinants responsible for these properties remain unknown. Hydrophobic pathways for H2 diffusion have been identified in [NiFe] hydrogenases, as have proton transfer pathways, but they have never been studied in [NiFeSe] hydrogenases. Our aim was, for the first time, to characterize the H2 and proton pathways in a [NiFeSe] hydrogenase and compare them with those in a standard [NiFe] hydrogenase. We performed molecular dynamics simulations of H2 diffusion in the [NiFeSe] hydrogenase from Desulfomicrobium baculatum and extended previous simulations of the [NiFe] hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio gigas (Teixeira et al. in Biophys J 91:2035-2045, 2006). The comparison showed that H2 density near the active site is much higher in [NiFeSe] hydrogenase, which appears to have an alternative route for the access of H2 to the active site. We have also determined a possible proton transfer pathway in the [NiFeSe] hydrogenase from D. baculatum using continuum electrostatics and Monte Carlo simulation and compared it with the proton pathway we found in the [NiFe] hydrogenase from D. gigas (Teixeira et al. in Proteins 70:1010-1022, 2008). The residues constituting both proton transfer pathways are considerably different, although in the same region of the protein. These results support the hypothesis that some of the special properties of [NiFeSe] hydrogenases could be related to differences in the H2 and proton pathways