General circulation model results on migrating and nonmigrating tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Part I: comparison with observations

摘要

The general circulation model of the Department of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Science (Volodin and Schmitz, 2001, Tellus 53A (2001) 300) from the surface to mesospheric and lower thermospheric heights has been used to analyse the diurnal and semi-diurnal tides. The GCM includes tropospheric and stratospheric tidal forcings due to absorption of the radiation and latent heat release and uses the gravity wave breaking parameterization of Hines (J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. 59 (1997a) 371; J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. 59 (1997b) 387). The model tides describe the observed tidal amplitudes and phases of eastward wind components at different northern hemispheric medium frequency radar sites (Andenes, Juliusruh, Saskatoon, Yamagawa and Hawaii) for January and July conditions. The separation of model tides into migrating and nonmigrating components shows that the nonmigrating part forms the total tide to a large extent, especially for the diurnal tide at low latitudes. The variability of diurnal and semi-diurnal tides is mostly determined by the variability of the nonmigrating part; the variability due to migrating tidal oscillations contributes only a small amount to the total variability. The nonmigrating diurnal model tide is strongly dependent on the longitude, with maxima in the western hemisphere at middle southern latitudes in January. In July, these tidal amplitudes are much weaker with maxima in the subtropics of the eastern hemisphere.