Effect of Water Temperature on 2,4-D Ester and Carfentrazone-ethyl Applications for Control of Variable-leaf Milfoil

摘要

Variable-leaf milfoil (Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx.) is a submersed plant native to southwestern Quebec and Ontario, to North Dakota and southward to New Mexico and Florida (Godfrey and Wooten 1981). In the Northeastern U.S., variable-leaf milfoil is not native and is considered an invasive and weedy species. As an invasive species, it causes many of the same problems as Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.), including shading out native submersed vegetation and interfering with recreational activities and water supplies (Halstead et al. 2003, NH-DES 2002). Variableleaf milfoil is an aggressive invader that can grow up to one inch per day under optimal nutrient, temperature, and light conditions and spreads mainly via fragmentation (NH-DES 2002).