Intrinsic aerobic capacity correlates with greater inherent mitochondrial oxidative and H_2O_2 emission capacities without major shifts in myosin heavy chain isoform

摘要

Exercise capacity and performance strongly associate with metabolic and biophysical characteristics of skeletal muscle, factors that also relate to overall disease risk. Despite its importance, the exact mechanistic features that connect aerobic metabolism with health status are unknown. To explore this, we applied artificial selection of rats for intrinsic (i.e., untrained) aerobic treadmill running to generate strains of low- and high-capacity runners (LCR and HCR, respectively), subsequently shown to diverge for disease risk. Concurrent breeding of LCR and HCR per generation allows the lines to serve as reciprocal controls for unknown environmental changes. Here we provide the first direct evidence in mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscle that intrinsic mitochondrial capacity is higher in HCR rats. Maximal phosphorylating respiration was ~40% greater in HCR mitochondria, independent of substrate and without altered proton leak or major changes in protein levels or muscle fiber type, consistent with altered control of phosphorylating respiration. Unexpectedly, H_2O_2 emission was-20% higher in HCR mitochondria, due to greater reduction of more harmful reactive oxygen species to H_2O_2; indeed, oxidative modification of mitochondrial proteins was lower. When the higher mitochondrial yield was considered, phosphorylating respiration and H_2O_2 emission were 70-80% greater in HCR muscle. Greater capacity of HCR muscle for work and H_2O_2 signaling may result in enhanced and more immediate cellular repair, possibly explaining lowered disease risks.