JCOG (Japan Clinical Oncology Group) was started in 1990 and is the only governmental clinical trial group in Japan. The ultimate purpose of JCOG is to establish gold standard therapies for each tumor type based on scientifically and ethically scheduled investigator-initiated clinical trials. JCOG is composed of various committees for auditing and management, a data center and clinical study groups. The steering committee meeting is held four times a year and decides the missions, principles and policies of JCOG, the exchange of JCOG members and the approval of practical protocols for clinical trials. JCOG has 15 study groups and about 170 member institutions and hospitals. The number of nominated institutions is limited to keep high quality of JCOG. Inactive institutions have been replaced with other institutions by the steering committee.
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