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摘要

In the winter of 1904 a major fire broke out in Baltimore MD. The resulting damage-an entire swath of the down town destroyed-was blamed largely on a lack of uniforn threads for fire hoses and hydrants: Engine companies, arriving by special train from Washington within 3 hours after the fire began, found themselves helpless when their hoses would not fit Baltimore hydrants; As one by one, completely fire-proofed buildings burned like torches all that day and the next, and the fire raced through block after block of the business district, additional fire units from the nearby counties, from New York, Philadelphia, Annapolis, Wilmington, Chester, York, Altoona, and Harrisburg, arrived in the city only to discover that few of their hoses matched any other or fitted the local hydrants. .. .[A]t no time was there any shortage of water.... 1,526 buildings and all electric light, telegraph, telephone, and power facilities in an area of more than 70 city blocks in the business district were razed before the fire burned out, 30 hours after it began.