Update on non-urothelial bladder tumor

摘要

Nonurothelial bladder tumors frequently present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. This is due to the rarity of this histological type of tumors representing less than 5% of all bladder lesions combined. A large number of risk factors have been implicated in the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma, yet their pathomechanism remains poorly defined. Treatment is usually based on surgery. We report a literature review summarizing the available evidence on the etiology, diagnosis, and optimal management of malignant nonurothelial tumors.