PURPOSE: To report the outcome of nasolacrimal duct intubation as the primary treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) in children younger than 4 years of age. METHODS: A total of 182 eyes of 139 children receiving intubation with planned tube retention for 2 to 5 months were enrolled in a prospective, nonrandomized observational multicenter study (19 sites). Children were ages 6 months to <45 months at the time of surgery, with no previous nasolacrimal surgical procedures and had at least one of the following clinical signs of NLDO: epiphora, mucous discharge, and/or increased tear lake. RESULTS: Treatment success was defined as absence of epiphora, mucous discharge, and increased tear lake at the outcome visit, 1 month after tube removal. The surgical outcome was assessed in 150 eyes (82% of cohort). The proportion of eyes treated successfully was 91% (95% CI: 86%-95%). The outcome dye disappearance test was normal in 125 (86%) eyes, indeterminate in 13 (9%), and abnormal in 7 (5%) of the 145 eyes tested. Monocanalicular tubes were used in 74% of cases. The tube was removed before the planned minimum retention time of 2 months in 61 eyes (41%). For 23 eyes, the early removal was attributed to inadvertent displacement by the patient. CONCLUSIONS: In children 6 months to <45 months of age, nasolacrimal duct intubation in a nonrandomized and noncomparative trial was a successful primary treatment of NLDO in about 90% of cases not lost to follow-up.
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