Biological Nitrification Inhibition (BNI) and its Potential for Reducing Nitrification and N20 Emissions from Agricultural Systems

摘要

Modern crop production has become a human-centric ecosystem, driven largely by the massive infusion of industrially fixed-nitrogen (N) and becoming high-nitrifying due to accelerated soil nitrifier activity. Nearly 95% of the reactive-N that enters these agricultural systems goes through rapid nitrification and nitrate becomes the dominant inorganic-N source for crop uptake and assimilation. Accelerated nitrification rates in agricultural soils have resulted in a decline in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) since the advent of Green Revolution. Nearly 70% of the N fertilizer applied globally to agricultural systems (about 175 Tg N) is lost through N0_3~- leaching and gaseous emissions by denitrification, harming ecosystems and human health. This amountsto an annual economic loss of USELLER 90 billion.