Application of Simple Factorial Design and Response Surface Methodology to Optimize Biodiesel and V_E Production from Soybean Deodorization Distillates

摘要

The production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) used as a diesel substitute (biodiesel) was studied. The reaction of soybean deodorization distillates (SDDs) and methanol was carried out in a two-step reaction, the first step being the methyl esterification of free fatty acid (FFA) and the second step being the transesterification of triglycerides. The process of biodiesel production and the process of biodiesel and V_E production from esterified SDDs were optimized using a simple factorial designand response surface methodology. A second-order model was obtained to predict the optimum extraction conditions. The optimum conditions for methyl esterifications of FFA were 65 deg C for 3 h at a catalyst concentration of 4.2%; the optimum conditions for transesterification of triglycerides were 74.4 deg C for 2.1 h with a catalyst quality of 0.49%. FAME and Vitamin E (V_E) were extracted with supercritical CO_2 at 120 and 250 bar, respectively. Optimum conditions for the extraction of biodiesel wereextraction pressure 120 bar, extraction temperature 60 deg C and a CO_2 flow rate of 15.0 kg/h; optimum conditions for the extraction of V_E were extraction pressure 250 bar, extraction temperature 40 deg C and a flow rate of 25.0 kg/h. Under the optimumconditions, FAME and V_E were successfully extracted. FAMA concentration and yield rate in the extraction were 87 and 82%, respectively, and the V_E concentration and yield rate in the extraction were 48 and 0.84%, respectively.