SU(3) Polarization States in Quantum and Atomic Optics and High-Precision Measurements

摘要

The polarization of three-mode Bose systems having the Gell-Mann SU(3) symmetry is discussed. The concept of SU(3) polarization in the Hilbert space is proposed for a quantum system, and an original SU(3) interferometer that makes it possible to measure various Gell-Mann parameters for a light field is considered for the first time. Measurements of the signal-to-noise ratio that are limited only by quantum noise and based on the use of entangled photon states at the input of an optical system are analyzed. The possibility of the formation of a new type of quantum (helicity) states oflight, where Hermitian quadratures are fundamentally correlated with polarization Stokes parameters, is shown in the classical-field approximation for one of the modes.