An operations reference model for common refinery operations

摘要

Refineries are large, highly automated; complex systems involving hundreds of people, thousands of work processes, thousands of control loops and tens of thousands of input/output (I/O) points. These facilities are operated using dozens of segmented and protected networks and, often, over 100 separate software applications. The networks include business intranets, control system networks, wireless networks and fieldbus networks. The software applications range from multi-million-dollar distributed control systems (DCS) to hundreds of customized spreadsheets.