Treatment of blepharo-spasm, hemifacial spasm and facial synkinesis with botulinum toxin [Anwendung von botulinumtoxin beim blepharospasmus, spasmus facialis und bei synkinesien nach fazialisdefektheilung]

摘要

Involuntary facial movements are caused by various diseases. This article describes three of these diseases: blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and facial synkinesis following facial nerve paralysis. The different etiologies, clinical symptoms and diagnosis are discussed. A common therapeutic approach for these three diseases is presented. Involuntary facial movements can be reduced or even completely suppressed by local injections of botulinum toxin.