Scientific analysis and discussion of the reflective metal foils set behind garnet inlays has concentrated on waffle-patterned foils produced in the late 6th and 7th centuries AD. This paper examines 5th-century AD waffle, ring-and-dot and rare feather-patterned foils which may derive from the decorative repertoire of late Roman gold and silver working. The production of the multiple inlay elements characteristic of garnet cloisonne, however, demanded a more rapid means of fabrication. Current theories regarding the manufacture of cloisonne backing foils are reconsidered in the light of the varied appearance of actual foils and the technological capability that might be expected of an early medieval workshop. Experiments in producing primary models suggest that textiles or thread could be used to impress clay "with grids for waffle and ring-and-dot foils. These clay models could have been used on their own or for casting positive or negative dies in copper alloy.
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