Arthropods in the evolution of continental basins

摘要

The anthropogenic impact on the surrounding world is largely negative and inevitable; hence, it is important to learn how to forecast the character of this impact. As is known, ecosystems usually respond to adverse effects by a decrease in biodiversity and complexity. The main process of evolution is the reverse: an increase in biodiversity and the complexity of ecosystems as the main factors of stability. By delving into the past and studying increasingly simple ecosystems, we find an analog to disturbed ecosystems. The article is devoted to the evolution of freshwater ecosystems, chiefly lakes, because it is easier to understand the principles of their organization than those of marine or land ecosystems.