Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta ameliorates liver ischemia reperfusion injury by way of an interleukin-10-mediated immune regulatory mechanism.

摘要

The ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (Gsk3beta) differentially regulates macrophage Toll-like receptor (TLR)-triggered pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine programs. This study was designed to determine the in vivo role and therapeutic potential of Gsk3beta modulation in tissue inflammation and injury in a murine model of liver partial warm ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). As a constitutively activated liver kinase, Gsk3beta became quickly inactivated (phosphorylated) following IR. The active Gsk3beta, however, was essential for the development of IRI pathology, as administration of its specific inhibitor, SB216763, ameliorated the hepatocellular damage, evidenced by reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (sALT) levels and well-preserved liver architecture compared with controls. The liver protective effect of Gsk3beta inhibition was dependent on an immune regulatory mechanism, rather than direct cytoprotection via mitochondria permeability transition pores (MPTP). Indeed: (1) coadministration of SB216763 and atractyloside (MPTP opener) failed to abrogate a local cytoprotective Gsk3beta inhibition effect; (2) SB216763 selectively inhibited IR-triggered liver pro-inflammatory, but spared interleukin (IL)-10, gene induction programs; and (3) IL-10 neutralization restored liver inflammation and IRI in SB216763-treated mice. Gsk3beta inactivation by IR was a self-regulatory mechanism in liver homeostasis, critically dependent on phosphoinositide 3 (PI3)-kinase activation, as administration of a PI3 kinase inhibitor, wortmannin, reduced Gsk3 phosphorylation and augmented liver damage. In vitro, IL-10 was critical for the suppression of pro-inflammatory gene programs by Gsk3 inhibition in bone marrow-derived macrophages in response to TLR4 stimulation. Conclusion: Our novel findings document the key immune regulatory function of Gsk3beta signaling in the pathophysiology of liver IRI, and provide a rationale to target Gsk3beta as a refined therapeutic strategy to ameliorate liver IRI. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;).