DHW design flow rates in educational, office buildings and shopping centers

摘要

The paper gives a thorough survey of the studies of different authors in the field of domestic hot water (DHW) consumption. It presents an overview of the research done into DHW by Tallinn University of Technology. New empirical formulas for determining design flow rates for schools, kindergartens and office buildings have been worked out on the basis of investigations. Comparisons are given on the determination of DHW design flow rates by the standard EVS 835, EN 806-3 and the recommended formulas. The latter makes it possible to considerably decrease the design flow rates, which in turn enables to diminish the load of the equipment, improve the quality of control and decrease the diameters of the pipes of the district heating network and the losses of heat in them.