Since it was introduced in 1926 by the Stoody brothers,hardsurfacing-using the oxyacetylene welding process to apply a low-carbon steel tube filled with tungsten carbide-has proven efficient.But the process is limited in that it must be applied at a high temperature,and this oxidizes the deposit and the area surrounding the deposit.The use of an electric arc to make the deposits is both damaging to the substrate(by excessive penetration into the base material)and to the carbide particles as they are placed in solution with the heat of the arc.
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